Add about 2 inches of neutral oil to a heavy-bottomed pot or Dutch oven. Heat to 340°F (175°C). Place a wire rack over a sheet pan nearby.
Neutral oil
Whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, cinnamon, nutmeg, and salt.
250 g all-purpose flour, 50 g granulated sugar, 2 teaspoons baking powder, 1½ teaspoons ground cinnamon, ¼ teaspoon ground nutmeg, ½ teaspoon fine salt
In a separate bowl, whisk the applesauce, eggs, milk, melted butter, and vanilla until smooth.
180 g unsweetened applesauce, 2 large eggs, 60 g whole milk, 30 g unsalted butter, 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry and fold just until combined. The batter should be quite thick and scoopable, not pourable like pancake batter. Let it sit for about 5 minutes while the oil finishes heating.
Scoop approximately 3 tablespoons of batter per fritter and carefully drop it into the hot oil, using a second spoon to help push the batter off if necessary. Gently flatten particularly tall scoops so the centers cook evenly.
Fry 2–3 fritters at a time for approximately 2–3 minutes per side, until deeply golden brown and cooked through. Keep the oil around 340–350°F throughout frying; do not go above 350°F or they will brown too quickly. The internal temperature should read 190–200°F when fully baked.
Transfer the fritters to the wire rack and allow them to cool for about 5–10 minutes.
Whisk together the powdered sugar, 2 tablespoons milk, vanilla, maple extract, and salt for the glaze. Add additional milk a teaspoon at a time until you have a glaze that's thin enough to coat the fritters but thick enough to set.
180 g powdered sugar, 30-45 g whole milk, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, ¼ teaspoon maple extract, Pinch salt
Dip the warm fritters into the glaze, flipping to coat both sides if you want that classic glazed-fritter finish, then return them to the rack until the glaze sets.
Notes
Oil temperature: Keep the oil between 340°F and 350°F throughout frying. Going above 350°F will brown the outside before the center cooks through.Batter consistency: The batter should be thick and scoopable, not pourable. Let it rest 5 minutes before frying so the flour has time to hydrate.Frying in batches: Fry only 2–3 fritters at a time to keep the oil temperature steady and avoid greasy results.Maple extract: Optional in the glaze; leave it out for a straightforward vanilla glaze, or add it for a cozy, bakery-style depth.Storage: Store glazed fritters loosely covered at room temperature for up to 1 day, or refrigerate for up to 3 days. Note that the glaze will soften when stored covered.